Device management proxy for secure devices

ABSTRACT

A hardware device architecture is described that improves security and flexibility in access to hardware device settings. A device management proxy service is digitally signed and granted access to device settings. Applications are then digitally provisioned by the proxy service and only validated signed requests from applications are permitted to change hardware device settings. Further granularity over hardware device settings is achieved through user accounts and groups established by the applications.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the security of hardware devices running applications.

BACKGROUND

Recent years have seen a worldwide proliferation of electronic devices. Hardware manufacturers have been able to use standard operating systems such as, for example, popular smartphone operating systems like Google Android™, Apple iOS™, and Microsoft Windows Embedded 8 Handheld™ to create a new generation of products to enhance productivity and address various challenges in both the personal and commercial realm. Further, a robust software ecosystem has emerged around many of these devices to enhance their functionality and utility and to leverage the vast amount of information and services available from the Internet. The development of applications for these devices has undeniably been a significant factor in the market adoption of many of these devices. However, this development has also driven a need for enhanced security, as it is common nowadays for the hardware manufacturer, operating system provider, and application developer to be separate entities.

In the interest of increased security, the operating systems of many devices, now regularly restrict or eliminate the ability for applications to interact with hardware device settings. A current solution to this problem involves the elevation of the privileges of the application. However, the privilege rights offered by the operating systems are typically not specific enough to provide access only to the hardware settings that the application desires. The result is a different kind of security risk in that applications with elevated privileges have access to critical functionality that exceeds their needs.

Therefore, there is a need for further advances in hardware device architectures that allow for operating systems to provide applications with secure and specific access to hardware device settings.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, access to the hardware device settings are controlled by a device management proxy service (DMPS) that is digitally signed and that only accepts requests to change the hardware device settings from applications that have been provisioned on the device and send validated signed requests.

In another embodiment of the present invention, access to the hardware device settings are controlled by a device management proxy service (DMPS) that is digitally signed but runs on a server as a separate service and that only accepts requests to change the hardware device settings from applications that have been provisioned on the device and send validated signed requests.

In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, access to the hardware device settings are controlled by a device management proxy service (DMPS) that is digitally signed but runs on a server as a separate service and that only accepts requests to change the hardware device settings from applications that have been provisioned on the device and operated with account and group privileges sufficient to send validated signed requests.

The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the elements of the system in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIGS. 2A-2C graphically depict different embodiments of the disclosed subject matter involving applications on the device.

FIGS. 3A-3B are schematics outlining the flow of information according to different embodiments of the disclosed subject matter involving applications on the device.

FIGS. 4A-4B are schematics outlining the initial provisioning of the device with applications according to different embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIGS. 5A-5D graphically depict different embodiments of the disclosed subject matter involving device management solutions on the device.

FIGS. 6A-6B are schematics outlining the flow of information according to different embodiments of the disclosed subject matter involving device management solutions applications on the device.

FIG. 7 is a schematic outlining the initial provisioning of the device with a device management solution according to one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention involves the concept of applications or device management solutions using digitally signed communications to interact with operating system services in order to provide secure and managed access to hardware settings on a device. In the present disclosure, “digitally signed” is meant in the context of public/private key cryptography, i.e. digitally signed communications are messages, data, or documents that are sent with a digital certificate or identity certificate issued by a certificate authority meant to demonstrate the authenticity of the sender. In the present disclosure, “applications” refer to software applications that are offered by independent software vendors, and “device management solutions” refer to commercial mobile device management software technology applications, such as applications offered by vendors including but not limited to SOTI™, LANDESK™, CITRIX™, AIRWATCH™, and the like.

In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system 100 for one embodiment of the present invention. In general, the system 100 includes a device 110 and one or more servers 130, 140, and 150. The servers 130, 140, and 150 and the device 110 are connected via a network 160. The network 160 may be any type of Wide Area Network (WAN), such as the Internet, Local Area Network (LAN), or the like, or any combination thereof, and may include wired components, such as Ethernet, wireless components, such as LTE or Wi-Fi, or both wired and wireless components. Note that while the servers 130, 140, and 150 are illustrated as individual single servers, each may be alternatively be distributed across multiple servers having the respective functionality of the single servers 130, 140, and 150 shown in FIG. 1. And still in other embodiments, the servers 130, 140, and 150 may also be combined into one single server or distributed across multiple servers having the overall combined functionality of servers 130, 140, and 150.

In general, the server 130 includes at least one processor 131 and associated memory 132 and a communication interface 134. The server 130 may also include additional components such as a storage component 133, a Device Management Proxy Service (DMPS) 220, and a DMPS Download Service 135, as described below. The components of server 130 may be interconnected using one more buses (not shown) and may be mounted on a motherboard (not shown) or some other appropriate configuration.

In general, the server 140 includes at least one processor 141 and associated memory 142 and a communication interface 144. The server 140 may also include additional components such as a storage component 143 and an application download service 145 and an application certificate service 146, as described below. The components of server 140 may be interconnected using one more buses (not shown) and may be mounted on a motherboard (not shown) or some other appropriate configuration. In one embodiment, the device 110 may download digitally signed and provisioned applications 210 from the app download service 145 of server 140, or may obtain new or updated provisioning certificates for applications 210, user accounts 270, and/or groups 275 from the app certificate service 146 on server 140. In another embodiment, the device 110 may side load applications and/or certificates directly.

In general, the server 150 includes at least one processor 151 and associated memory 152 and a communication interface 154. The server 150 may also include additional components such as a storage component 153 and the server component of a device management solution, as described below. The components of server 150 may be interconnected using one more buses (not shown) and may be mounted on a motherboard (not shown) or some other appropriate configuration.

In general, the device 110 includes a processor 118 and associated memory 117 as well as a communication interface 119. The device 110 may include additional components such as a storage component 114 such as a hard drive or solid state drive, a location determination component 111 such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) chip, audio input component 112 such as a microphone, audio output component 113 such as a speaker, visual input component 115 such as a camera or barcode reader, visual output component 116 such as a display, and a user input component 120 such as a touchscreen, navigation shuttle, soft keys, or the like, an external storage component 121 such as a smart media card, micro Secure Digital card or the like, a hardware security module (HSM) 122, application settings 123 which are used to configure applications installed on the device 110 and may be stored in the storage 114 or memory 117 or a combination of both, and system settings which are used to configure the device 110 and may be stored in the storage 114 or memory 117 or a combination of both. The components of device 110 may be interconnected using one more buses (not shown) and may be mounted on a motherboard (not shown) or some other appropriate configuration. Examples of device 110 include, but are not limited to, consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets, televisions, media players, smart watches, personal navigation devices, and health/activity trackers, and commercial electronics such as rugged mobile computers, vehicle mount computers, wearable scanners, barcode scanners, radio frequency identification (RFID) scanners, intelligent sensors, and tracking devices.

FIG. 2A illustrates one embodiment of the present invention. Application 210 is installed on device 110 in its own trust level, an application trust level, which is separate and distinct from the operating system trust level. The separate trust levels offer security on the device 110 so that applications cannot make changes to the hardware settings of the device 110 except through the mechanisms described in the present invention. At the operating system trust level, device 110 has a DMPS 220, a storage repository for storing digital certificates, i.e. a certificate repository 250, and an operating system driver 230 that interacts and controls the hardware elements 240 of the device.

The DMPS 220 is signed and provisioned by the operating system. In some embodiments, the DMPS 220 is included in the operating system image installed on the device by the manufacturer. In other embodiments, the DMPS 220 is loaded on the device 110 after manufacture, such as from a DMPS download service 135, but is still digitally signed and provisioned using the operating system vendor certificates.

The DMPS 220 is used on the device 110 to install and manage application certificates. The DMPS 220 may be implemented as a lightweight service, such as a daemon, that runs in the background or may be implemented as a device driver. In some embodiments, the DMPS 220 and storage repository for storing digital certificates 250 run on the hardware security module 122. The combination of the DMPS 220 and the certificate repository 250 on the HSM 122 ensure tamper-proof handling of the certificates.

The operating system driver 230 interacts with the DMPS 220 to relay hardware setting changes to the hardware elements 240 of the device. Settings that may be altered using the operating system driver 230 include, but are not limited to display settings, network settings, power management settings, global positioning system (GPS) settings, audio settings, user account settings, user personalization settings, time settings, file management settings, system settings, security settings, camera settings, and barcode scanner/reader settings. In some embodiments, the operating system driver is provisioned by the operating system vendor by inclusion in the operating system image installed on the device.

The application 210 and the DMPS 220 interact through a cross process communication, such as remote procedure calls (RPC) or system calls such as input/output control (ioctl) using a device management application programming interface (API) 290 over a protocol.

The DMPS 220 and the operating system driver 230 interact through a device driver API over a protocol. The operating system driver 230 has the ability to directly change the settings of the hardware element 240.

FIG. 3A illustrates the communication flow between the application 210 and the DMPS 220. The application 210 first generates a digitally signed request to the DMPS 220 to change a hardware setting in a hardware element 240 (step 3A-1). The request is digitally signed using the application's digital certificate. The DMPS 220 retrieves the application's digital certificate from the certificate repository 250 (step 3A-2). The DMPS 220 then validates the digitally signed request using the retrieved application certificate (Step 3A-3). If validated, then the DMPS 220 sends the request to change the hardware setting to the operating system driver 230 (Step 3A-4) which then changes the setting of the hardware element 240 (step 3A-5).

FIG. 2B illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in FIG. 2B is similar to FIG. 2A with the exception that user accounts 270 and/or groups 275 have been included in the application 210. In this embodiment, the application 210 has user and/or group privileges defined that control the functions of the application that are available to particular users or groups of users of the application.

FIG. 3B is similar to FIG. 3A in that it illustrates the communication flow between the application 210 and the DMPS 220, but FIG. 3B further illustrates the involvement of the user accounts 270 and/or groups 275. A user first logs into the application 210 on the device 110 (Step 3B-1). The application 210 then validates the user's login (Step 3B-2). If the user is validated, then the application 210 controls the application functions with which the user may interact according to the user's login and/or group credentials. The applications functions controlled by the credentials include the ability of the user to generate hardware changes with the application. If permitted, the application 210 then generates a digitally signed request to the DMPS 220 to change a hardware setting in a hardware element 240 (step 3B-3). The request is digitally signed using the application's digital certificate. The DMPS 220 retrieves the application's digital certificate from the certificate repository 250 (step 3B-4). The DMPS 220 then validates the digitally signed request using the retrieved application certificate (Step 3B-5). If validated, then the DMPS 220 sends the request to change the hardware setting to the operating system driver 230 (Step 3B-6) which then changes the setting of the hardware element 240 (step 3B-7).

FIG. 2C illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in FIG. 2C is similar to FIG. 2B with the exception that in FIG. 2C the DMPS 220 is no longer running on the device 110 as in FIG. 2B but is now running on server 130 as a service over the network 160.

FIG. 4A illustrates the initial provisioning process according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the DMPS 220 utilizes an open API that accepts incoming connections from any application 210 (Step 4A-1). An application 210 is installed on the device 110 and attempts to communicate with the DMPS 220. Once the communication has been established between the DMPS 220 and the application 210, the application 210 sends its application certificate to the DMPS (Step 4A-2). Once the application certificate has been received, the DMPS 220 stores it in the certificate repository 250 (Step 4A-3). In this embodiment, the DMPS 220 has been programmed to close the open API once an application certificate has been provisioned and receive only incoming communications from that point on if they have been digitally signed with the application certificate (Step 4A-4). In other embodiments, the DMPS 220 is programmed to accept digital certificates from a pre-programmed number of different applications before closing the open API. For example, in one embodiment, the DMPS 220 could be programmed to accept digital certificates from up to 3 applications. In this instance, the DMPS 220 accepts application certificates from the first three unique applications with which it communicates. The very next unique application that tries to communicate with the DMPS 220 and send its digital certificate is not provisioned.

FIG. 4B illustrates the initial provisioning process according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the certificate repository 250 on the device 110 is first provisioned with a certificate from the provider of the DMPS 220, i.e. a DMPS certificate (Step 4B-1). The DMPS certificate could be installed in the certificate repository 250 as part of the operating system image used to manufacture the device or could be downloaded to the device 110 after manufacture from a DMPS download service 135 from server 130. The DMPS 220 utilizes a proprietary API that accepts incoming connections from any application 210 that is provisioned with the DMPS certificate (Step 4B-2). An application 210 that has been signed with the DMPS certificate (Step 4B-3) is installed on the device 110 and attempts to communicate with the DMPS 220 by sending its application certificate in a communication request that is digitally signed using the DMPS certificate (Step 4B-4). The DMPS 220 then retrieves the DMPS certificate from the certificate repository 250 (Step 4B-5). The DMPS 220 then validates the signature of the application message using the DMPS certificate (Step 4B-6). If validated, the DMPS 220 then stores the application's certificate in the certificate repository 250 (Step 4B-7). In this embodiment, the DMPS 220 has been programmed to close the proprietary API once an application certificate has been provisioned and receive only incoming communications from that point on if they have been digitally signed with the application certificate. In other embodiments, the DMPS 220 may keep the proprietary API open and accept incoming communications and digital certificates from any application that has been digitally signed using the DMPS certificate.

FIG. 5A illustrates one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a device management solution is installed on the device 110. The device management solution may involve a device management server 260 component and a device management client 265 component. Again, the device management solution 260 and 265 is installed on device 110 in its own trust level, a device management trust level, which is separate and distinct from the operating system trust level. The separate trust levels offer security on the device 110 so that device management solutions cannot make changes to the hardware settings of the device 110 except through the mechanisms described in the present invention. At the operating system trust level, device 110 has a DMPS 220, a storage repository for storing digital certificates, i.e. a certificate repository 250, and an operating system driver 230 that interacts and controls the hardware elements 240 of the device.

The DMPS 220 is signed and provisioned by the operating system. In some embodiments, the DMPS 220 is included in the operating system image installed on the device by the manufacturer. In other embodiments, the DMPS 220 is loaded on the device 110 after manufacture, such as from a DMPS download service 135, but is still digitally signed and provisioned using the operating system vendor certificates.

The DMPS 220 is used on the device 110 to install and manage the device management client certificates. The DMPS 220 may be implemented as a lightweight service, such as a daemon, that runs in the background or may be implemented as a device driver. In some embodiments, the DMPS 220 and certificate repository 250 run on the hardware security module 122. The combination of the DMPS 220 and the certificate repository 250 on the HSM 122 ensure tamper-proof handling of the certificates.

The operating system driver 230 interacts with the DMPS 220 to relay hardware setting changes to the hardware elements 240 of the device. Settings that may be altered using the operating system driver 230 include, but are not limited to display settings, network settings, power management settings, global positioning system (GPS) settings, audio settings, user account settings, user personalization settings, time settings, file management settings, system settings, security settings, camera settings, and barcode scanner/reader settings. In some embodiments, the operating system driver is provisioned by the operating system vendor by inclusion in the operating system image installed on the device.

The device management server 260 and the device management client 265 communicate using a proprietary protocol from the provider of the device management solution. The device management client 265 and the DMPS 220 interact through a cross process communication, such as remote procedure calls (RPC) or system calls such as input/output control (ioctl) using a device management application programming interface (API) 290 over a protocol.

The DMPS 220 and the operating system driver 230 interact through a device driver API over a protocol. The operating system driver 230 has the ability to directly change the settings of the hardware element 240.

FIG. 6A illustrates the communication flow between the device management client 265 and the DMPS 220. The device management client 265 first generates a digitally signed request to the DMPS 220 to change a hardware setting in a hardware element 240 (step 6A-1). The request is digitally signed using the device management client's digital certificate. The DMPS 220 retrieves the device management client's digital certificate from the certificate repository 250 (step 6A-2). The DMPS 220 then validates the digitally signed request using the retrieved device management client certificate (Step 6A-3). If validated, then the DMPS 220 sends the request to change the hardware setting to the operating system driver 230 (Step 6A-4) which then changes the setting of the hardware element 240 (step 6A-5). In some embodiments, the device management client 265 is authorized to access the operating system driver 230 directly (Step 6A-6) to effect a change in the setting of the hardware element (Step 6A-7). In this embodiment, the device management solution has the ability to change some hardware settings directly, i.e. native support to change some hardware settings, but has its abilities augmented to change additional hardware settings through the DMPS 220 that may not be natively supported.

FIG. 5B illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in FIG. 5B is similar to FIG. 5A with the exception that user accounts 280 and/or groups 285 have been included in the device management server 260. In this embodiment, the device management server 260 has user and/or group privileges defined that control the functions of the device management client 265 that are available to particular users or groups of users of the device management client 265.

FIG. 6B is similar to FIG. 6A in that it illustrates the communication flow between the device management client 265 and the DMPS 220, but FIG. 6B further illustrates the involvement of the user accounts 280 and/or groups 285. A user first logs into the device management client 265 on the device 110 (Step 6B-1). The device management client 265 then communicates with the device management server 260 to authenticate the login (Step 6B-2). If the user is validated, then the device management client 265 controls the device management client with which the user may interact according to the user's login and/or group credentials set at the device management server 260. The device management client functions controlled by the credentials include the ability of the user to generate hardware changes through the device management client. If permitted, the device management client 265 then generates a digitally signed request to the DMPS 220 to change a hardware setting in a hardware element 240 (step 6B-3). The request is digitally signed using the device management client's digital certificate. The DMPS 220 retrieves the device management client's digital certificate from the certificate repository 250 (step 6B-4). The DMPS 220 then validates the digitally signed request using the retrieved device management client certificate (Step 6B-5). If validated, then the DMPS 220 sends the request to change the hardware setting to the operating system driver 230 (Step 6B-6) which then changes the setting of the hardware element 240 (step 6B-7). In some embodiments, the device management client 265 is authorized to access the operating system driver 230 directly (Step 6B-8) to effect a change in the setting of the hardware element (Step 6B-9). In this embodiment, the device management solution has the ability to change some hardware settings directly, i.e. native support to change some hardware settings, but has its abilities augmented to change additional hardware settings through the DMPS 220 that may not be natively supported.

FIG. 5C illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in FIG. 5C is similar to FIG. 5B with the exception that in FIG. 5C the DMPS 220 is no longer running on the device 110 as in FIG. 5B but is now running on server 130 as a service over the network 160.

FIG. 5D illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in FIG. 5D is similar to FIG. 5C with the exception that in FIG. 5D the device management server 260 is no longer running on the device 110 as in FIG. 5C but is now running on server 150 as a service over the network 160.

FIG. 7 illustrates the initial provisioning process according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the DMPS 220 utilizes an open API that accepts incoming connections from any device management client 265 (Step 7-1). A device management client 265 is installed on the device 110, retrieves the device management client certificate from the device management server 260 (Step 7-2) which may be running on its own server 150 over the network 160, and attempts to communicate with the DMPS 220. Once the communication has been established between the DMPS 220 and the device management client 265, the device management client 265 sends the device management client certificate to the DMPS (Step 7-3). Once the device management client certificate has been received, the DMPS 220 stores it in the certificate repository 250 (Step 7-4). In this embodiment, the DMPS 220 has been programmed to close the open API once a device management client certificate has been provisioned and receive only incoming communications from that point on if they have been digitally signed with the device management certificate (Step 7-5). In other embodiments, the DMPS 220 is programmed to accept digital certificates from a pre-programmed number of different device management clients before closing the open API. In yet other embodiments, the DMPS 220 may continue to utilize the open API to accept incoming connections from any device management solution that may be installed on the device 110.

Several implementations have been described herein. However, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Additionally, the communication flows in the schematics of the figures do not require the particular order shown or sequential order to achieve the specified results. Further, other steps may be provided or eliminated from the schematics and other components may be added to or removed from the described systems. These other implementations are within the scope of the claims.

To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:

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The invention claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a first device comprising: at least one first hardware processor; first memory storing a first software module executable by the at least one first hardware processor, wherein the first device is configured to: send a digitally signed request to a second device to change the hardware settings of the first device; and a second device comprising: at least one second hardware processor; and second memory storing a second software module executable by the at least one second hardware processor, wherein the second device is configured to: receive, from the first device, the digitally signed request to change the hardware settings of the first device; determine the validity of the digitally signed request; and change the hardware settings of the first device in accordance with the request if the validity of the digitally signed request is determined.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first device and the second device are the same device, the at least one first processor and at least one second processor are the same processor, and the first memory and second memory are the same memory.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first software module is an application.
 4. The system of claim 2, wherein in the application is a device management solution.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the second software module is a device management proxy service.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the device management proxy service is embedded in a device driver.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second software modules interact using a device management application programming interface (API) over a protocol.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein access to the first software module is dependent upon user privileges.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein access to the first software module is dependent upon group privileges.
 10. A system comprising: a first device comprising: at least one first hardware processor; first memory storing a first software module executable by the at least one first hardware processor, wherein the first device is configured to: send a request to a third device to authenticate a login for an account and retrieve access privileges for the account; send a digitally signed request to a second device to change the hardware settings of the first device, wherein the request is sent based upon the access privileges for the account; and a second device comprising: at least one second hardware processor; and second memory storing a second software module executable by the at least one second hardware processor, wherein the second device is configured to: receive, from the first device, the digitally signed request to change the hardware settings of the first device; determine the validity of the digitally signed request; and change the hardware settings of the first device in accordance with the request if the validity of the digitally signed request is determined; and a third device comprising: at least one third hardware processor; third memory storing a third software module executable by the at least one third hardware processor, wherein the third device is configured to: receive, from the first device, a request to authenticate a login for the account and retrieve access privileges for the account; determine the validity of the login; and send the access privileges for the account.
 11. A method comprising: sending a digitally signed request from a first device to a second device, the digitally signed request configured to change the hardware settings of the first device, the first device comprising at least one first hardware processor and first memory storing a first software module executable by the at least one first hardware processor, and the second device comprising at least one second hardware processor and second memory storing a second software module executable by the at least one second hardware processor; receiving an indication from the second device, the indication confirming that the second device has determined the validity of the digitally signed request; and changing the hardware settings of the first device in accordance with the digitally signed request if the indication confirms that the digitally signed request is valid.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first device and the second device are the same device, the at least one first processor and at least one second processor are the same processor, and the first memory and second memory are the same memory.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first software module is an application.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein in the application is a device management solution.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the second software module is a device management proxy service.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the device management proxy service is embedded in a device driver.
 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second software modules interact using a device management application programming interface (API) over a protocol.
 18. The method of claim 11, wherein access to the first software module is dependent upon user privileges.
 19. The method of claim 11, wherein access to the first software module is dependent upon group privileges.
 20. A method comprising: sending a request from a first device to a third device, the request configured to authenticate a login for an account and to retrieve access privileges for the account, the first device comprising at least one first hardware processor and first memory storing a first software module executable by the at least one first hardware processor, and the third device comprising at least one third hardware processor and third memory storing a third software module executable by the at least one third hardware processor; receiving access privileges for the account from the third device, the third device having received the request to authenticate the login for the account, authenticated the login for the account, and retrieved the access privileges for the account; sending a digitally signed request from the first device to a second device, the digitally signed request configured to change the hardware settings of the first device, wherein the digitally signed request is sent based upon the access privileges for the account, the second device comprising at least one second hardware processor and second memory storing a second software module executable by the at least one second hardware processor; receiving an indication from the second device, the indication confirming that the second device has determined the validity of the digitally signed request; and changing the hardware settings of the first device in accordance with the digitally signed request if the indication confirms that the digitally signed request is valid. 